In this episode, I welcome my dear aunt, Cristina Carbonell, to discuss what is occurring in Venezuela. Often omitted from major news outlets, the crisis in Venezuela is ever-present and ever-growing and there’s no end in sight. Awareness from the international community is KEY to change related to the situation in Venezuela.

I hope you’ll enjoy this long conversation and this knowledge on how Venezuela got to where it is today.

Below is a comprehensive list of resources & links on topics that were mentioned during this conversation:

• Ana Milagros Parra: https://x.com/amilagrosparra/status/1818055235681792279

• Political prisoners: https://foropenal.com/presos-politicos/
• Follow on IG @foropenal @OlnarOrtizBare

• Fake Christmas: https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/sep/03/venezuela-Nicolas-maduro-christmas

• Increasing political violence and gross Human Rights violations: https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/10/un-international-mission-reveals Gross-human-rights-violations-venezuela

• Evelyne Laurent Perrault Ph.D., Assistant Professor at New York University (NYU): https://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/evelyne-laurent-perrault/

• Dalencourt, F., & Mamami, P. (2013). Bolívar y Haití: Alexandre Pétion frente a lahumanidad. Guaraguao, 18(44), 99–122: http://www.jstor.org/stable/43487961

• Orinoco Mining Arc – Information https://sosorinoco.org/en/

• Plan de Gobierno de María Corina Machado – Privatización de PDVSA: https://conmariacorina.com/es/programa-de-gobierno (see page 11)

• Observatorio de Ecología Política de Venezuela: https://ecopoliticavenezuela.org/

• Interviews with Emiliano Terán Mantovani
  • https://canalguardabosques.com/2018/10/18/emiliano-teran-mantovani-el-arco-minero-es-hoy-una-politica-de-ajuste/ (in Spanish)
  • https://www.epohi.gr/article/49939/emiliano-teran-mantovani-h-kyvernhsh-ton-hpa-protima-na-ehei-sth-venezoyela-mia-kyvernhsh-poly-pio-d (in Greek)

• Carbon Majors Study 2017: https://cdn.cdp.net/cdp-production/cms/reports/documents/000/002/327/original/Carbon-Majors-Report-2017.pdf?1501833772 ;

• News article about PDVSA’s role in carbon emissions: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/09/revealed-20-firms-third-Carbon-emissions

• Carbonell Betancourt, Cristina Margarita; Scarpellini, Marcela (2021). Venezuela, Oil and Climate Change: Overcoming Nostalgia. In: Leal Filho, W., Luetz, J., Ayal, D. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham.: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_242-1