Date: August 21, 2025

Current Status and Impacts of Hurricane Erin with Climate Context and Future Outlook

Hurricane Erin, a massive and dangerous Category 2 storm, is currently making its closest approach to the U.S. East Coast after 10 days of churning across the Atlantic. While its trajectory keeps the center offshore, its immense size (a "sprawling 1,000 miles wide," with a tropical-storm-force wind field extending 325 miles from its center) is causing widespread and significant coastal impacts from Florida to Newfoundland, Canada, and will affect Western Europe as a post-tropical cyclone. The storm's rapid intensification from Category 1 to Category 5 within 24 hours (an increase of nearly 85 mph) is highlighted as a direct consequence of human-caused climate change, linking warmer ocean temperatures to increased storm intensity and potential damage. Evacuation orders are in place for parts of North Carolina's Outer Banks, and 15 U.S. states are under various hazardous coastal alerts. Beyond Erin, a quiet period for tropical development is anticipated for the next 10-14 days in the Atlantic, though the latter half of September may see above-average activity.

I. Current Status and Forecast of Hurricane Erin

• Closest Approach and Movement: Erin has made its "closest approach to the North Carolina coast" and is now moving north-northeastward at 15 kt. It is expected to "continue to accelerate and turn east-northeastward by Friday as it becomes increasingly embedded within the mid-latitude westerlies," eventually reaching a peak forward speed of about 35 kt in 72 hours.

• Life-Threatening Surf and Rip Currents: This is a "Key Message" from the NHC, stating Erin "will continue to produce life-threatening surf and rip currents along the beaches of the Bahamas, much of the east coast of the U.S., Bermuda, and Atlantic Canada during the next several days." Beachgoers are cautioned against swimming, and many East Coast beaches will be closed to swimmers through Friday.
• Coastal Flooding and Erosion:North Carolina Outer Banks: "Storm surge flooding and tropical storm conditions will continue." The surge, accompanied by large waves, will lead to "significant beach erosion and overwash, making some roads impassable." Evacuation orders remain for Hatteras and Ocracoke islands. Up to 4 feet of storm surge and waves up to 20 feet are expected.
• Virginia and Maryland: "Moderate to major coastal flooding is expected," particularly during high tides on Thursday evening, with potential for "numerous road closures and the inundation of homes and businesses near the shore." Waves of 10-14 feet are anticipated.
• Chesapeake Bay Area: "Higher than normal water levels of up to 3 feet may inundate areas along the shores of the lower Chesapeake Bay, with up to a half foot of flooding along the tidal Potomac River."
• Delaware and New Jersey: 1 to 2 feet of water may inundate coastal and bayside communities, making roads impassable. "Dangerous surf will slam the coastline."
• New York and New England: High-surf advisories and coastal flood warnings are in effect.