-
Bastille Day- The Dawn of French Liberty
- 2024/07/15
- 再生時間： 14 分
- ポッドキャスト
-
サマリー
activate_samplebutton_t1
あらすじ・解説
Bastille Day: The Dawn of French Liberty On the morning of July 14, 1789, Paris awoke to the rumblings of revolution. The air was thick with tension, the streets alive with whispers of change. For years, the people of France had suffered under the weight of an oppressive monarchy, a system of privilege that favored the few at the expense of the many. Now, as the sun rose over the ancient city, casting long shadows across its narrow streets and grand boulevards, the citizens of Paris were ready to seize their destiny. The Bastille, a medieval fortress turned prison, loomed over the eastern edge of the city. Its thick stone walls and imposing towers had long stood as a symbol of royal authority and arbitrary power. Within its depths lay not only a handful of prisoners but also a cache of weapons and gunpowder – precious resources in a city teetering on the brink of insurrection. As dawn broke, small groups of Parisians began to gather in the streets. Men and women from all walks of life – artisans, shopkeepers, laborers, and even some members of the bourgeoisie – came together, united in their desire for change. The spark of revolution had been lit in the days prior, with news of King Louis XVI's dismissal of his popular finance minister, Jacques Necker, spreading like wildfire through the city. The dismissal of Necker was seen as a direct attack on the reforms that many hoped would alleviate the crushing poverty and inequality that plagued France. It was the latest in a long series of missteps by a monarchy increasingly out of touch with the needs and aspirations of its people. As word spread of Necker's dismissal, so too did rumors of an impending military crackdown on the restive populace. In the Palais-Royal, that great crucible of revolutionary fervor, a young lawyer named Camille Desmoulins leapt onto a table, pistol in hand, and called the people to arms. "To arms, citizens!" he cried, his voice carrying across the crowded garden. "The moment of crisis has arrived. Necker has been dismissed. This dismissal is the tocsin of a Saint Bartholomew for patriots!" Desmoulins' impassioned plea struck a chord with the gathered crowd. The memory of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, a bloody episode from France's religious wars, hung heavy in the air. Many feared that a similar fate awaited those who dared to challenge the authority of the crown. As the morning wore on, the crowds swelled. What had begun as small gatherings soon coalesced into a vast throng, tens of thousands strong, moving with purpose through the streets of Paris. They raided the Hôtel des Invalides, seizing muskets and cannons from its armory. But it was gunpowder they needed most, and for that, they turned their eyes to the Bastille. Bernard-René de Launay, the governor of the Bastille, watched with growing alarm as the crowd gathered outside the fortress walls. De Launay was no stranger to unrest – he had been appointed to his post in part because of his experience in crowd control. But nothing in his long career had prepared him for the sea of humanity that now surged against the Bastille's gates. At first, de Launay attempted to negotiate. He invited representatives of the crowd into the fortress to verify that there were indeed no political prisoners being held within its walls. But the people were past the point of negotiation. They demanded the surrender of the fortress and the release of its gunpowder stores. As tensions mounted, shots rang out. It remains unclear to this day who fired first, but the consequences were immediate and bloody. The crowd, enraged by what they saw as a betrayal, surged forward with renewed determination. The siege of the Bastille had begun in earnest. For hours, the battle raged. The defenders of the Bastille, a mix of French and Swiss guards, fought valiantly against the overwhelming numbers of the attackers. Musket fire crackled across the July sky, while makeshift battering rams pounded against the fortress gates. As the day wore on, the tide of battle began to turn. The arrival of deserters from the French Guard, bringing with them much-needed military expertise and additional firepower, tipped the scales in favor of the revolutionaries. By mid-afternoon, it was clear that the Bastille could not hold. De Launay, realizing the hopelessness of his position, ordered his men to cease fire. He attempted to negotiate a surrender, but in the chaos of the moment, his intentions were misunderstood. As he emerged from the fortress, he was seized by the crowd. In the melee that followed, de Launay was brutally killed, his head mounted on a pike and paraded through the streets of Paris. The fall of the Bastille sent shockwaves through France and beyond. In the smoldering ruins of the once-mighty fortress, the revolutionaries found not the hundreds of political prisoners they had imagined, but only seven inmates – four forgers, two lunatics, and one dissolute aristocrat imprisoned at the request of...