『H5N1 Avian Flu Surges Globally: Unprecedented Outbreaks Across Continents Spark International Health Concerns in 2025』のカバーアート

H5N1 Avian Flu Surges Globally: Unprecedented Outbreaks Across Continents Spark International Health Concerns in 2025

H5N1 Avian Flu Surges Globally: Unprecedented Outbreaks Across Continents Spark International Health Concerns in 2025

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This is H5N1 Global Scan: Avian Flu Worldwide. I’m your host. Over the past five years, the globe has grappled with H5N1 like never before. Once largely an agricultural concern, H5N1 has now impacted every inhabited continent except Australia, triggering unprecedented responses from health authorities, industry, and researchers alike.

Let’s break it down continent by continent. In North America, the United States has seen repeated outbreaks in poultry and, more recently, cases among dairy cows. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, as of late July 2025, over 70 human infections have been detected across the US since the 2024 uptick, all linked to direct animal exposure. The CDC reports nearly 97 million birds culled to contain the virus since 2022, leading to egg shortages and economic shocks. Canada and Mexico have also reported poultry and sporadic human infections.

In South America, the Pan American Health Organization notes the first human case in Mexico this year, alongside continued outbreaks in Peru’s backyard flocks and wild birds from Argentina to Colombia.

Moving to Europe, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control tallied over 350 outbreaks in birds between March and June 2025, with human cases reported in the UK and beyond. Outbreaks have impacted both wild bird populations and commercial farming, putting pressure on food trade and supply chains.

Asia remains a focal point for H5N1 activity. Cambodia recently experienced an unusual surge, with the World Health Organization confirming eleven human cases, mostly in children, in just the first half of 2025. India too marked a fatal human case this April. Southeast Asia’s constant bird-to-human transmission risk, often linked to backyard and live poultry markets, presents ongoing containment challenges.

Africa, while less frequently in global headlines, is no exception. Multiple outbreaks in wild birds and poultry have led to coordinated surveillance and culling programs.

Globally, the World Organization for Animal Health, WHO, and FAO continue to advise rigorous surveillance, prompt reporting, and biosecurity. The WHO maintains that the risk to the wider public remains low, but emphasizes significant risks to those working closely with poultry and livestock.

Cross-border and trade impacts are real. In late 2024, the United States and Europe saw poultry export bans and import restrictions ripple across markets. Many nations are now requiring certifications of H5N1-free status, leading to friction in international trade.

Research collaborations are accelerating. International initiatives, including genome tracking projects and farm-to-lab transmission studies, are underway. Findings reveal that the dominant H5N1 strain, clade 2.3.4.4b, has adapted to infect a broader range of species, even being found in glandular tissue and milk of farm animals. Virologists are collaborating globally to monitor mutations that could increase human transmissibility.

Meanwhile, vaccine development continues, but as of July 2025, no country has rolled out a commercially available human H5N1 vaccine. Several candidates are advancing in trials, focusing on poultry workers and high-risk populations.

Different nations have taken contrasting approaches. The US and UK have focused on mass culling and strict farm quarantines. Cambodia and parts of Latin America emphasize rapid surveillance and traditional public health messaging. The European Union has increased both compensation for affected farmers and public transparency to support early reporting.

That’s our scan of the global H5N1 landscape—ever-evolving, deeply interconnected, and a critical test of international health systems.

Thank you for tuning in to H5N1 Global Scan: Avian Flu Worldwide. Join us next week for another global health perspective. This has been a Quiet Please production. For more, check out Quiet Please Dot A I.

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