🇨🇳 1911 – Republic of China Declared: Revolutionaries led by Sun Yat-sen declared the Republic of China, ending over 2,000 years of imperial rule and paving the way for a republican government. 🏛️

📉 1929 – "Black Thursday" Hits Stock Market: Panic struck the New York Stock Exchange as stock prices plummeted, signaling the start of the Great Depression. 💸

🎥 1940 – The Great Dictator Premieres: Charlie Chaplin’s satirical film The Great Dictator premiered, boldly mocking Adolf Hitler and fascism as World War II loomed. 🎬

🕊️ 1941 – Odessa Massacre Begins: Romanian and German forces initiated the Odessa Massacre, killing over 100,000 Jews and civilians in one of the Holocaust’s darkest chapters. ⚰️

⚔️ 1942 – Second Battle of El Alamein Begins: British and Commonwealth forces launched a successful offensive in Egypt, marking a turning point in the North African campaign of World War II. 🛡️

🇭🇺 1956 – Hungarian Revolution Erupts: A nationwide uprising against Soviet rule began in Hungary, though it was brutally crushed by Soviet forces within weeks. ✊

🌍 1958 – Expo 58 Concludes in Brussels: Expo 58, the first World’s Fair after World War II, closed in Brussels, showcasing global progress and symbolizing post-war optimism. 🌐

📼 1973 – Nixon Agrees to Release Watergate Tapes: After a prolonged legal battle, President Nixon agreed to release tape recordings, crucial evidence in the Watergate scandal. 🎙️

💣 1983 – U.S. Marine Barracks Bombed in Beirut: A suicide bombing killed 241 American servicemen in Beirut, marking one of the deadliest attacks during the Lebanese Civil War. 💥

🎶 2001 – Apple Introduces the iPod: Apple launched the iPod, revolutionizing how people stored and listened to music, propelling the company to dominance in personal electronics. 🎧