🏛️ 301 CE – The microstate of San Marino was founded by Saint Marinus on Mount Titano, traditionally regarded as the world's oldest republic. 🇸🇲🏛️

👑 1189 – Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart, was crowned King of England, famed for his leadership in the Third Crusade and his chivalrous reputation. ⚔️👑

📜 1783 – The Treaty of Paris was signed, officially ending the American Revolutionary War and recognizing the independence of the United States. 🇺🇸📜

🌍 1939 – France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany, marking the beginning of World War II in Europe after Germany's invasion of Poland. 🇫🇷🇬🇧⚔️

⚔️ 1950 – During the Korean War, the Battle of Pusan Perimeter reached a critical point as UN forces halted the North Korean advance, marking a major turning point. 🇰🇷⚔️

🚗 1967 – Sweden switched from driving on the left to the right side of the road in a well-coordinated event known as "Dagen H," aimed at improving road safety. 🇸🇪🚗

🏦 1969 – The first ATM in the United States was installed in Mountain View, California, revolutionizing banking by providing 24-hour access to cash. 🏦💵

🎾 1977 – The U.S. Open became the first Grand Slam tennis tournament to offer equal prize money to male and female champions, advancing gender equality in sports. 🎾🏅

🏦 2002 – The Basel II Accord was finalized in Switzerland, introducing new international banking regulations focused on risk management and financial stability. 📊🏛️

🤖 2015 – The AI system AlphaGo defeated European Go champion Fan Hui, marking the first time an AI had beaten a professional human player in Go. 🤖🧠